流行病学
1 型糖尿病占所有糖尿病患者的 5%-10%。它是年轻患者(20 岁以下)中最常见的糖尿病,在全世界该年龄组糖尿病病例中占到 85% 及以上。[5]Maahs DM, West NA, Lawrence JM, et al. Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2010 Sep;39(3):481-97.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2925303/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20723815?tool=bestpractice.com 据估计,在全球 0-19 岁人群中,有 1,110,100 人患有 1 型糖尿病,且每年有 128,900 例新增病例。[6]International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes atlas 9th edition. 2019 [internet publication].https://www.diabetesatlas.org/en/
地理区域不同,1 型糖尿病发病率也不同。[7]Forouhi NG, Wareham NJ. Epidemiology of diabetes. Medicine (Abingdon). 2014;42(12):698-702.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4282306/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25568613?tool=bestpractice.com该病在欧洲人中更常见,在亚洲人中较少见,年龄调整后年发病率从中国部分地区的 0.1/100,000 到芬兰的 40.9/100,000 不等。[7]Forouhi NG, Wareham NJ. Epidemiology of diabetes. Medicine (Abingdon). 2014;42(12):698-702.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4282306/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25568613?tool=bestpractice.com 世界范围内,1型糖尿病的发病率每年增加3%,但其原因不明。[8]EURODIAB ACE Study Group. Variation and trends in incidence of childhood diabetes in Europe. Lancet. 2000 Mar 11;355(9207):873-6[9]Adeloye D, Chan KY, Thorley N, et al. Global and regional estimates of the morbidity due to type I diabetes among children aged 0-4 years: a systematic review and analysis. J Glob Health. 2018 Dec;8(2):021101.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6214490/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30410744?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Patterson CC, Gyürüs E, Rosenbauer J, et al. Trends in childhood type 1 diabetes incidence in Europe during 1989-2008: evidence of non-uniformity over time in rates of increase. Diabetologia. 2012 May 26;55(8):2142-7.https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00125-012-2571-8http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22638547?tool=bestpractice.com[11]DIAMOND Project Group. Incidence and trends of childhood Type 1 diabetes worldwide 1990-1999. Diabet Med. 2006 Aug;23(8):857-66.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16911623?tool=bestpractice.com一份报告显示,非白人种族和族群的发病率增长更为迅速。[12]Mayer-Davis EJ, Lawrence JM, Dabelea D, et al; SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. Incidence trends of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among youths, 2002-2012. N Engl J Med. 2017 Apr 13;376(15):1419-29.https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1610187http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28402773?tool=bestpractice.com
1 型糖尿病可出现在任何年龄段,在 10-14 岁儿童中发病率最高。[13]Norris JM, Johnson RK, Stene LC. Type 1 diabetes-early life origins and changing epidemiology. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020 Mar;8(3):226-38.https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/playContent/1-s2.0-S2213858719304127http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31999944?tool=bestpractice.com男性患病率略高于女性,尤其是在青春期后。[13]Norris JM, Johnson RK, Stene LC. Type 1 diabetes-early life origins and changing epidemiology. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020 Mar;8(3):226-38.https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/playContent/1-s2.0-S2213858719304127http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31999944?tool=bestpractice.com
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