患者指导
建议成人患者每天饮水 2.5-3 升,儿童和青少年患者每天饮水 1-2 升(具体饮水量视年龄而定)。[15]National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Renal and ureteric stones: assessment and management. January 2019 [internet publication].https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng118 也鼓励患者减少钠摄入量但保持钙摄入量正常。[15]National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Renal and ureteric stones: assessment and management. January 2019 [internet publication].https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng118
通常会嘱咐肾结石患者避免高蛋白饮食。欧洲泌尿外科学会建议动物蛋白摄入量应限定为每日 0.8-1 g/kg。[31]Türk C, Neisius A, Petrik A, et al. European Association of Urology. Urolithiasis. 2020 [internet publication].https://uroweb.org/guideline/urolithiasis/ 但是,英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所(National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, NICE)并未就蛋白摄入量提出建议,因为 NICE 的评估显示,低蛋白摄入量对减少结石复发的有效性证据不明确。[15]National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Renal and ureteric stones: assessment and management. January 2019 [internet publication].https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng118
鼓励患者践行健康生活方式(包括坚持体力活动),达到并保持健康体重。[48]National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Preventing excess weight gain. March 2015 [internet publication].https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng7
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