急性阑尾炎是导致患者就诊于急诊科的最常见下腹痛原因,也是因急腹症入院的年轻患者中最常见的诊断。[7]Di Saverio S, Podda M, de Simone B, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis: 2020 update of the WSES Jerusalem guidelines. World J Emerg Surg. 2020 Apr 15;15(1):27.https://wjes.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13017-020-00306-3http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32295644?tool=bestpractice.com 2020 年至 2021 年,英格兰医院共收治了约 50,000 例阑尾炎病例。[10]NHS England. Hospital admitted patient care activity, 2021-22. Sep 2022 [internet publication].https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/hospital-admitted-patient-care-activity/2021-22 绝大部分病例发生于 20 岁至 59 岁年龄段人群。[10]NHS England. Hospital admitted patient care activity, 2021-22. Sep 2022 [internet publication].https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/hospital-admitted-patient-care-activity/2021-22 大多数病例(46,297 例)为急诊收治。[10]NHS England. Hospital admitted patient care activity, 2021-22. Sep 2022 [internet publication].https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/hospital-admitted-patient-care-activity/2021-22
一项以人群为基础的系统性评价报告称,21 世纪美国阑尾炎或阑尾切除术的总发生率为 100 例/100,000 人年;2015 年美国的病例数估计为 378,614 例。[11]Ferris M, Quan S, Kaplan BS, et al. The global incidence of appendicitis: a systematic review of population-based studies. Ann Surg. 2017 Aug;266(2):237-41.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28288060?tool=bestpractice.com
在美国,男性一生中患急性阑尾炎的总体风险为 8%,女性的此风险为 7%。[12]Snyder MJ, Guthrie M, Cagle S. Acute appendicitis: efficient diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2018 Jul 1;98(1):25-33.https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/0701/p25.htmlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30215950?tool=bestpractice.com 数据表明,新兴工业化国家的发病率迅速增加。[11]Ferris M, Quan S, Kaplan BS, et al. The global incidence of appendicitis: a systematic review of population-based studies. Ann Surg. 2017 Aug;266(2):237-41.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28288060?tool=bestpractice.com
急性阑尾炎最常见于 10-30 岁,儿童和青少年的发病率最高。[7]Di Saverio S, Podda M, de Simone B, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis: 2020 update of the WSES Jerusalem guidelines. World J Emerg Surg. 2020 Apr 15;15(1):27.https://wjes.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13017-020-00306-3http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32295644?tool=bestpractice.com[13]Gorter RR, Eker HH, Gorter-Stam MA, et al. Diagnosis and management of acute appendicitis: EAES consensus development conference 2015. Surg Endosc. 2016 Nov;30(11):4668-90.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5082605/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27660247?tool=bestpractice.com 男性患病率比女性稍高(1.4:1)。[2]Moris D, Paulson EK, Pappas TN. Diagnosis and management of acute appendicitis in adults: a review. JAMA. 2021 Dec 14;326(22):2299-311.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34905026?tool=bestpractice.com