ZMapp
靶向 3 个扎伊尔型正埃博拉病毒糖蛋白表位的 3 种人源化单克隆抗体的实验性组合物，专门为在烟草植物内表达而设计。[174]Bishop BM. Potential and emerging treatment options for Ebola virus disease. Ann Pharmacother. 2015 Feb;49(2):196-206.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25414384?tool=bestpractice.com[175]Goodman JL. Studying "secret serums": toward safe, effective Ebola treatments. N Engl J Med. 2014 Sep 18;371(12):1086-9.https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1409817http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25140857?tool=bestpractice.com[176]Zhang Y, Li D, Jin X, et al. Fighting Ebola with ZMapp: spotlight on plant-made antibody. Sci China Life Sci. 2014 Oct;57(10):987-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25218825?tool=bestpractice.com 研究发现，非人灵长类动物在感染 24-48 小时内接受 ZMapp 具有保护作用。另一项试验表明，在感染后最长 5 日内启用该药，可挽救非人灵长类动物。[177]Qiu X, Wong G, Audet J, et al. Reversion of advanced Ebola virus disease in nonhuman primates with ZMapp. Nature. 2014 Oct 2;514(7520):47-53.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4214273/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25171469?tool=bestpractice.com PALM 试验发现，对于降低死亡率，ZMapp 不如atoltivimab/maftivimab/odesivimab 和 ansuvimab。[163]Mulangu S, Dodd LE, Davey RT Jr, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of Ebola virus disease therapeutics. N Engl J Med. 2019 Dec 12;381(24):2293-303.https://www.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1910993http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31774950?tool=bestpractice.com 世界卫生组织（World Health Organization, WHO）建议不使用 ZMapp 治疗，因为关于任何真正获益或危害的证据非常不确定。[162]World Health Organization. Therapeutics for Ebola virus disease - Democratic Republic of the Congo. Aug 2022 [internet publication].https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240055742
remdesivir
腺嘌呤核苷酸类似物的一种前体药物，在灵长类动物细胞感染模型中对多种丝状病毒具有强效活性。初步研究表明，它对非人灵长类动物的治疗具有极佳的疗效。[155]Warren T, Jordan R, Lo M, et al. Nucleotide prodrug GS-5734 is a broad-spectrum Filovirus inhibitor that provides complete therapeutic protection against the development of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in infected non-human primates. Late breaker abstract 2. Presented at IDWeek. San Diego, 2015.https://idsa.confex.com/idsa/2015/webprogram/Paper54208.html PALM 试验发现，对于降低死亡率，remdesivir 不如atoltivimab/maftivimab/odesivimab、ansuvimab 和 ZMapp。[163]Mulangu S, Dodd LE, Davey RT Jr, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of Ebola virus disease therapeutics. N Engl J Med. 2019 Dec 12;381(24):2293-303.https://www.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1910993http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31774950?tool=bestpractice.com WHO 建议不使用 remdesivir 治疗，因为其对死亡率和严重不良事件的影响仍非常不确定。[162]World Health Organization. Therapeutics for Ebola virus disease - Democratic Republic of the Congo. Aug 2022 [internet publication].https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240055742 remdesivir 目前正用于治疗 2019 冠状病毒病（coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19）。
法匹拉韦
法匹拉韦是一款实验性抗病毒药物，可选择性抑制病毒 RNA 依赖性 RNA 聚合酶。它可以有效对抗流感病毒、西尼罗河病毒、黄热病病毒、口蹄疫病毒以及其他黄病毒、沙粒病毒、布尼亚病毒和甲病毒。该药物目前已被日本批准用于治疗流感大流行，但是已在大鼠模型中被发现可以有效对抗正埃博拉病毒。[178]Furuta Y, Takahashi K, Shiraki K, et al. T-705 (favipiravir) and related compounds: novel broad-spectrum inhibitors of RNA viral infections. Antiviral Res. 2009 Jun;82(3):95-102.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19428599?tool=bestpractice.com 在几内亚进行的人体 Ⅱ 期试验使用的剂量高于流感治疗所用的剂量。JIKI 试验是 2014-2015 年间在几内亚进行的多中心非随机试验，结果表明在资源不足情况下使用较高剂量具有良好的耐受性，并且对低病毒载量患者有潜在益处。[179]Sissoko D, Laouenan C, Folkesson E, et al. Experimental treatment with favipiravir for Ebola virus disease (the JIKI trial): a historically controlled, single-arm proof-of-concept trial in Guinea. PLoS Med. 2016 Mar 1;13(3):e1001967.https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001967http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26930627?tool=bestpractice.com
